The scale is composed of nine, five-point items that are intended to measure the degree to which a consumer has an aversion towards the products produced by members of particular minority group and/or their businesses.
The scale is composed of four items that are intended to measure the degree to which a person expresses a preference for products produced in his/her country by a particular ethnic group, probably the dominant one, rather than products that were produced domestically but by another ethnic group, probably a minority.
The scale is composed of three items that are intended to measure the degree to which a person expresses beliefs about the negative effects a particular ethnic group (probably a minority) is having on another group (probably the country's ethnic majority).
This 23-item, five-point Likert-type scale measures the degree to which a consumer believes that those who use a discount are devalued and discriminated against by store employees, other customers, and others in the users' shopping party.
