Three unipolar items with a seven-point response format are used to measure the degree to which a person describes something as having a quality that indicates a lack of power and authority.
The Marketing Scales Handbook is indispensible in identifying how constructs have been measured and the support for a measure's validity and reliability. I have used it since the beginning as a resource in my doctoral seminar and as an aid to my own research. An electronic version will make it even more accessible to researchers in Marketing and affiliated fields.
