A consumer’s pattern of acknowledging and defining needs/wants for clothing is measured using eight, seven-point Likert-type items.
A seven-item, seven-point semantic differential scale is used to measure the degree to which one evaluates something (such as a product) as being vital and necessary.
This twelve item Likert-type scale is intended to measure a person's tendency to enjoy emotional stimuli, seek emotional situations, and show a preference for using emotion in interacting with others.
The scale is composed of three, seven-point items that measure the degree to which a person believes that a product is consistent with his/her values, experiences, and needs. While the scale was developed to be used with innovations, it appears to be amenable for use with a wide variety of goods and services, regardless of how innovative they are viewed as being.
This scale has six, six-point Likert-type items that are intended to measure the degree to which a person believes that a product is either a "luxury" or a "necessity" for the majority of people.
The scale is composed of several phrases that appear to capture the degree to which a person places importance on values related directly to self such as self-respect, self-fulfillment, and a sense of accomplishment. Shim and Eastlick (1998) referred to this scale as self-actualizing.
The scale is composed of four, seven-point Likert-type statements measuring the degree to which a person thinks that a nonprofit organization needs his/her help.
Fifteen Likert-type statements are purported to measure the degree to which a person has achieved or is in the process of maximizing his/her full potential. Self-actualization is meant in the sense proposed by Maslow (1970). Traits such as time competence (living in the present rather than the past), inner directedness, and self-esteem are especially stressed in the scale.
Three semantic differentials are used to measure the importance of a brand or product category to a consumer, with an emphasis on the extent to which the product is viewed as not just helpful, but necessary to have.
