This scale uses four, five-point Likert-type items to measure the degree to which a person has the ability to maintain a positive mood and to return to it if a bad mood is experienced.
Three, seven-point Likert-type items are used to measure a person's tendency to believe that he/she will generally experience more good than bad in life.
The three items in this scale are intended to capture the level of hopeful-type feelings a person is experiencing (or experienced during a certain event).
Three, seven-point semantic differentials are used to measure how a person feels at some particular point in time. Although the scale might be considered a measure of affect in a general sense, it should not be used to measure the affective component of an attitude because there is no object to which to evaluate apart from one's feelings (e.g., an advertisement, a product, a company).
This is a seven-point semantic differential that is purported to measure a subject's affective state at a particular point in time.
This scale is composed of three, seven-point Likert-type items that are intended to measure the tendency for a person to assume the best will happen and concentrate more on the positive consequences of decisions rather than the negative.
The scale has four, seven-point Likert-type items that measure the degree to which a person is fixated on the negative consequences of his/her decisions rather than the positive.
Seven statements are used to assess the degree to which a person has an affective disorder characterized by feelings of hopelessness, loneliness, and poor self-esteem.
The degree to which a person expresses pessimism regarding life and feeling disconnected from the social system is measured in this scale with six, seven-point Likert-type items.
Six statements with seven-point Likert-type response scales are used to measure the degree to which a person expresses an optimistic view of the future. Given the phrasing of the scale stem, the respondent is describing his/her view at the time a particular purchase decision was made. With some slight changes, a more general measure of optimism is possible.
