Scale Reviews

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I have relied on the Marketing Scales Handbooks over several years in academic and industry roles and look forward to using the newest edition. A seven on a seven-point satisfaction scale!

Tom Prinsen, Ph.D.

Global Manager Market Intelligence, Biomet Orthope

Optimism (General)

The scale measures the degree to which a person has positive expectations for his/her future. Two versions of the scale are described: one with three, seven-point Likert items and another with five, five-point Likert items.

Key Words

personality, values, optimism, expectations, future, wrong

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